Argument analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Contention investigation - Essay Example out the topics and ideas of detached externalization of ladies, asexuality as a foil, watchful heterosexuality and physicality as a sexual exhibition. The paper investigations the film Catwoman (Pitof 2004) by talking about the topics that have been examined by Helene Shugart in her article. The film Catwoman stars Patience Phillips (Halle Berry), who is a visual planner working for an association called Hedare Beauty. This is an exceptionally huge restorative organization that has acknowledged significant market achievement, and is going to discharge into the market an item that battles the impacts of maturing. Tolerance later finds that Hedare’s tasks are perplexed in connivance and mystery. She finds profound insider facts concerning the going to be discharged magnificence item, yet similarly as she is going to leave the premises, security faculty begins seeking after her. Tolerance is compelled to run for her life. Emotional occasions follow, and later we see her being changed into a lady with feline like characteristics; tricky, risky, untamed, quick and with faculties of her feline. In this manner, Patience is changed to Catwoman. In any case, she has a twofold character; on one side she is Patience, and on the other she is Catwoman. Catwoman’s begins battling wrongdoing in the city and furthermore helps the powerless. She is charged by the Hedare family for homicide, yet this doesn't prevent her from soldiering on. The specialists pursue her day and night for homicide allegations, and this hunt is driven by Tom Lone, who is involved with Patience. Toward the end, Patience turns into the saint. She figures out how to get her retribution on the Hedare family she despite everything keeps on being the individuals friend in need. Along these lines, from the film Catwoman, the maker depicts ladies as the smothered sex by the general public. Society thinks about the lady as the more fragile sex, and the maker of the film is utilizing the instance of Patience to engage ladies. In the film, Patience is confronted with a lot of issues and difficulties. Toward the end, she opposes all chances and she becomes

Hiroshima Cause and Effect Essay Free Essays

Alexa Gombert English-Kiernan 10/28/12 Period 1 On August 6, 1945, America was liable for the passing of more than 100,000 honest spirits. On this day, an American airplane dropped a nuclear bomb on the city of Hiroshima, Japan. This was the main nuclear bomb at any point utilized throughout the entire existence of fighting. We will compose a custom exposition test on Hiroshima Cause and Effect Essay or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now In the genuine book Hiroshima by John Hersey, direct six overcomers of this horrendous occasion depict records of the shelling and its belongings in striking subtlety. The nuclear bomb influenced regular folks of Hiroshima and the city’s condition in that individuals started acting unreasonably, experienced wounds and passings, and it prompted inconsistent ecological events. The nuclear bomb influenced regular people of Hiroshima in that they started acting unreasonably in the hours after the blast. This unreasonable conduct can be seen through the activities of Mr. Fukai and Mrs. Kamai. Mr. Fukai was a secretary of the see who lived in a crucial with numerous ministers and strict men. At the point when the bomb went off, the entirety of the survivors from the crucial surrendered the heap of rubble that was at one time their home, and set out for their assigned safe region. Father Kleinsorge went to get Mr. Fukai, yet nonsensically Mr. Fukai would not leave and stated, â€Å"Leave me here to die† (44). Mr. Fukai stupidly said he needed to kick the bucket in the consuming city. He wasn’t in the correct perspective and consequently couldn't a sensible choice. Mrs. Kamai, who was found supporting her dead infant, displays another case of unreasonable conduct because of the nuclear bomb. Hersey transfers Mr. Tanimoto’s odd record when he composed, â€Å"She was squatting on the ground with the body of her newborn child little girl in her arms. The infant had obviously been dead all day† (60). Holding the dead body for four days, Mr. Tanimoto ‘tried to incinerate the child, however Mrs. Kamai just held it tighter’ (81). During this time Mrs. Kamai was temperamental and incapable to settle on discerning choices since she was in stun because of the shelling and the disarray that accompanied it. Through her urgency to keep her dead infant, Mrs. Kamai shows how the barbaric shelling of Hiroshima prompted silly ehavior. While some Japanese residents were influenced mentally, others were influenced genuinely. Regular people of Hiroshima were influenced by the nuclear bomb in that they experienced serious wounds and consumes. Being this was the principal nuclear bomb at any point utilized, its physical effect on individuals was dubious. In any case, Father Kleinsorge a nd Mr. Tanimoto had the option to witness the bomb’s physical effect when they were attempting to help the powerless and weak. While on a walk, Father Kleinsorge ran over various urgent and injured military men. He depicted them as â€Å"all in the equivalent nightmarish express: their countenances were entirely scorched, their eye attachments were empty, the liquid from their softened eyes had run down their cheeks† (73). Father Kleinsorge’s depiction depicts the seriousness of people’s wounds because of the bomb. The tremendous warmth that emanated from the bomb caused these soldiers’ eyes to soften and faces to consume. Another physical impact of the besieging on Hiroshima is depicted by Mr. Tanimoto. Mr. Tanimoto was attempting to help fundamentally harmed casualties when he encountered a frightful occasion. The bombs influence was clear when Mr. Tanimoto ‘reached down and took a ladies by the hands, however her skin sneaked off in gigantic, glove-like pieces’ (65). Mr. Tanimoto was reclaimed when he pulled off the skin, which demonstrates that the wounds brought about by the bomb were deadly and anguishing. The warmth from the bomb caused this casualties skin to consume and fall off with unbearable agony. In any case, the bomb didn’t impact simply individuals. At the point when the bomb was dropped on Hiroshima it brought about an unpredictable response by the earth. Father Kleinsorge saw these odd ecological themes while on a walk he noted, â€Å"through the destruction of the city†¦was a cover of new, striking, lavish, hopeful green† (93-94) The town was in ruins, be that as it may, presently there were roses blooming wherever over the ruble and cinders. The bomb’s reason for existing was to clear out every living thing, yet amusingly it unintendedally catalyzed the inconsistent development of blossoms and plants. On August 6, 1945 the primary ever nuclear bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan. It’s force and capacities were obscure being that it was the first of ts kind. In the book Hiroshima, the bombs influences were seen through the eyes of its survivors. The bomb influenced Hiroshima’s residents in that they showed preposterous and silly activities. The earth was additionally influenced in that the bomb activated regular occasions that were exceptional. The harsh idea of the nuclear bomb demonstrates that pe ople will successfully get their way regardless of the outcomes. Their craving for force will never show signs of change and their techniques for fighting are just going to get increasingly destructive. Instructions to refer to Hiroshima Cause and Effect Essay, Essay models

On Reconnecting

On Reconnecting My parents were born under kerosene lamps. In a place where monkeys taught children to spring from the blue-colored cement roofs onto the fields of crunchy-green grass. A place where the laughter of children playing in the streets blended with the crowing of roosters. The perfect alarm clock.  A place where kites adorned the sky, glistening in the sunshine. And where hot street-side pakoras were perfect for a rainy day. A place that they would return to, holding the hands of their American-born children, eager to introduce them to their home away from home. Ive been back in Boston for a week now. Roosters replaced with phone clocks. Kites with New England geese. Street-side pakoras with bowls of easy-mac. Campus has always felt a little quieter to me during IAP. With dining halls closed and many people off campus, the usual hustle and bustle is gone. It suddenly is incredibly easy to find yourself entirely and completely alone. With no stress of the semester to keep you company. In those moments of solitude, my mind has found itself wandering back to my time in India. In every way possible, every night I lie in bed, the brightest colors fill my head. A million dreams (and jet lag) keep me awake. I reminisce the early morning freshness in the air, the rhythmic honking of traffic, the serenity of being surrounded by family. Since coming to MIT, Ive oscillated between moments of feeling really close and really far away from my roots and culture. But for the most part, being away from family and home, Ive felt distant. I no longer spend a part of my evenings watching Indian soap operas with my parents. I no longer get to eat my mothers home cooked, 100% Indian meals every day. I no longer listen to the local Bollywood-radio channel on my way to class. Even though I was born and raised in Texas my parents tirelessly and dedicatedly made sure to raise us in such a way that we were closely tied to our heritage. Now that I live on my own, theres this physical distance thats made it a little bit harder to feel close. My connection to my roots lies in weekend FaceTime calls. That said, going back to India over this past winter break was refreshing in every way possible. From simply sitting down and spending quality time with my grandparents to releasing my inner child as I played with my younger cousins to over-treating myself to Hyderabadi biryani, it was so much heartwarming happiness packed into such a short time. It was exhilarating.  And because no amount of words can do justice to just how great it all was, these mosaics of pixels will have to do: heavily decorated trucks like this one are common on the road pedestrians, street traffic and bangle stores clustered in front of the charminar hair flies in the air as we take a ride on a jeep children make their way to a guava tree to enjoy fresh fruit new years fireworks go off in the distance as we stand on the terrace to take it all in playing with sparklers in celebration of 2019 my cousin poses during our visit to a summer palace one of many visits to the sweets shop an intersection serves witness to uncontrollably chaotic traffic yet another traffic jam as people make their way home after a long day of work quite nothing like an Indian sunset navigating through a bazaar in search of gifts to take back home Post Tagged #In Touch With The Roots #India #photography

Spider Monkey Facts (Ateles)

Spider monkeys are New World monkeys belonging to the genus Ateles. They have long limbs and prehensile tails, giving them the appearance of large arboreal spiders. The name Ateles comes from the Greek word atà ©leia, which means incomplete and refers to the spider monkeys lack of thumbs. Fast Facts: Spider Monkey Scientific Name: Ateles sp.Common Name: Spider monkeyBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 14-26 inch body; up to 35 inch tailWeight:13-24 poundsLifespan: 20-27 yearsDiet: OmnivoreHabitat: Central and South American rain forestsPopulation: DecreasingConservation Status: Vulnerable to Critically Endangered Species There are seven species and seven subspecies of spider monkey. The species are the red-faced spider monkey, white-fronted spider monkey, Peruvian spider monkey, brown (variegated) spider monkey, white-cheeked spider monkey, brown-headed spider monkey, and Geoffroys spider monkey. Spider monkeys are closely related to woolly monkeys and howler monkeys. Description Spider monkeys have extremely long limbs and prehensile tails. The tails have hairless tips and grooves resembling fingerprints. The monkeys have small heads with hairless faces and wide-set nostrils. Their hands are narrow with long, curved fingers and reduced or non-existent thumbs. Depending on the species, hair color may be white, gold, brown, or black. The hands and feet are usually black. Males tend to be slightly larger than females. Spider monkeys range from 14 to 26 inches in body length with a tail up to 35 inches in length. On average, they weigh anywhere from 13 to 24 pounds. Habitat and Distribution Spider monkeys spend their lives in trees of tropical rain forests in Central and South America. Their habitat ranges from southern Mexico to Brazil. Spider monkeys live in Central and South America. Jackhynes / Wikimedia Commons Diet Most of the spider monkeys diet consists of fruit. However, when fruit is scarce, they eat flowers, leaves, and insects. The lead female within a group organizes foraging. If food is abundant, the group feeds together, but it will split if resources are scarce. Most feeding occurs in the early morning hours, but spider monkeys feed throughout the day and sleep in trees at night. Behavior The average spider monkey group ranges from 15 to 25 individuals. The closest bonds are between females and their offspring. Males also group together. Unlike most primate species, it is the females rather than the males that disperse at puberty and join new groups. Spider monkeys are highly intelligent. They communicate using vocalizations, scent marking with urine and feces, and body postures. Reproduction and Offspring The female spider monkey selects her mate from within her social group. Gestation lasts between 226 to 232 days, usually resulting in a single offspring, but sometimes twins. The female has sole care of her young, which she carries with her as she forages. Her offspring tightly wraps its tail around its mothers midsection or tail. Spider monkeys reach sexual maturity between 4 and 5 years of age. Females only bear offspring once every three or four years. Young males sometimes commit infanticide within their group to increase their chance of mating. In the wild, spider monkeys may live 20 to 27 years.They may live over 40 years in captivity. Geoffroys spider monkey with young. Mark Newman / Getty Images Conservation Status All spider monkey populations are decreasing. The IUCN classifies the conservation status of the Guiana spider monkey (Ateles paniscus) as vulnerable. Four species are endangered. The variegated spider monkey (Ateles hybridus) and brown-headed spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps) are critically endangered. Spider Monkeys and Humans Humans are the main threat to spider monkey survival. The monkeys are widely hunted as food and suffer from habitat loss due to deforestation. Some populations live in protected areas. Spider monkeys are susceptible to malaria and are used as research animals in studies of the disease. Sources Cuarà ³n, A.D., Morales, A., Shedden, A., Rodriguez-Luna, E., de Grammont, P.C.; Cortà ©s-Ortiz, L. Ateles geoffroyi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T2279A9387270. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T2279A9387270.enGroves, C.P. in Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-801-88221-4.Kinzey, W. G. New world primates: ecology, evolution, and behavior. Aldine Transaction, 1997. ISBN 978-0-202-01186-8.Mittermeier, R.A. Locomotion and Posture in Ateles geoffroyi and Ateles paniscus. Folia Primatologica. 30 (3): 161–193, 1978. doi:10.1159/000155862Mittermeier, R.A., Rylands, A.B.; Boubli, J. Ateles paniscus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T2283A17929494.

International Trade And Economic Growth - 1317 Words

Nowadays, the international trade is very important for a growth economy, specially with advanced technologies that facilitate communication. To obtain financial and technological resources for economic growth, the nation needs certainly to participate in world trade. International trade of developing countries leads to high growth and significant changes in the commodity structure by reflecting changes in the economy. The countries in all over the world are economically interdependent. No any nation can exist in economic isolation. If the economy of one nation crashed, other nations in the world will probably be unstable as well. And that would be worse if that nation among to developed nations. The gains from trade are dynamic because they cause changes in economy‘s evolution through time. From a macroeconomic perspective, we can analyze the gains from trade by focusing on the relation between trade openness and economic growth. From a microeconomic perspective we can analyze the gains from trade by focusing on connections between firm productivity and access to international markets. Recently, the literature on the dynamic gains from trade takes a different approach rather than broad-based measures of GDP and economic openness. On the theory side, the heterogeneous firms models of Melitz (2003) and Chaney (2008) present a rigorous basis for the existence of a link between trade liberalization and within-sector productivity gains: as less productive firms exit the marketShow MoreRelatedThe Role of International Trade in Economic Growth of Countries699 Words   |  3 PagesINTRODUCTION International trade plays a significant role in the economic growth of countries. It gives a country an opportunity to specialize in products and services that can be produced at a low cost compared to other nations, that is a comparative advantage. However gains from international trade is uneven between countries due to several country specific factors. These factors are complex and multidimensional; and include GDP, distance between countries, culture, population, import and exportRead MoreInternational Trade Is An Effective Stimulation Of Economic Growth1557 Words   |  7 PagesEngaging in international trade is an effective stimulation of economic growth. David Ricardo’s principle of comparative advantage argues while nations involved in international trade, a country will become specialised in producing a product that has the lowest relative costs. (Economist, 2015) By focusing on the production onto a limited scope of product or industries, firms or the nation will experience rise in productivity due to higher efficiency in allocation and utilisation of resources. AsRead MoreImpact Of Trade Remedy Measures On Africa s International Trade And Economic Growth A Case Study Of Kenya3536 Words   |  15 Pages THE IMPACTS OF TRADE REMEDY MEASURES ON AFRICA S INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH A CASE STUDY OF KENYA Amira R. Alghumgham Howard University International Trade Research Paper Dr. Wadhawan. November 20, 2014 The impacts of trade remedy measures on Africa s international trade and economic growth a case study of Kenya This research paper is organized into five sections. Section one fill cover the introduction which will address a general overview of availableRead MoreInternational Trade And The Global Marketplace1428 Words   |  6 Pagescountries are engaged to international trade in order to achieve economic growth, free trade agreement and financial liberalization has contributed to the opening up of world economies and resulted in more international trade. Countries use their comparative advantages to gain a positon in the global marketplace and achieve economic growth (Seyoum 2007). International trade is a critical resource of revenue earning for developing countries. However, the benefits realized from free trade are mostly enjoyedRead MoreThe Impact Of International Trade On The Development Process Of A Developing Economy1469 Words   |  6 PagesThe importance of international trade in the world has been widely studied and also examines the role of international trade in the various iss ues. Mainly my paper focused on the relationship between Economic Development and international trade, disadvantages of international trade also discussed. International trade is an activity of strategies importance in the development process of a developing economy. International specialization means that different countries of the world specialize in producingRead MoreThe Impact Of Technological And Commercial Effects On Economic Growth1642 Words   |  7 Pagesresources and nations differ in their preferences, capacity for growth and development, scale of production and technology. This creates the basis for (international) trade which enables exchange and consumption of goods and services which they cannot produce, thereby enjoying variety of goods and services to improve the standard of living of their people. Some of the positive effects International trade (IT) have on economic growth (EG) were pointed out by Smith (1776) and this idea triumphed untilRead MoreInternational P olitical Market Values And Subsequent Free Trade Agreements869 Words   |  4 PagesIn relations, international liberal market values and subsequent free trade agreements are at the forefront of economic globalization. As the global markets and economic competition intensifies, nations move towards trade liberalization. International trade agreements by extension of economic globalization are more often prioritized before environmental agreements. In fact it is evident that environmental policy is rarely prioritized over economic growth. The neo-liberal market ideals have encouragedRead MoreThe Growth Of International Economy1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe growth of international economy is significantly being driven by trade liberalization. The concept of free trade was firstly presented by Francisco de Vitoria in 16th century (Nussbaum, 1947). Then two early economists Adam Smith and David Ricardo proposed the concept of liberalization trade and applied the theory to practice. Sin ce the end of World War II, the United Sates devoted itself into reducing tariff-barriers and free trade. As a result, the United States led the establishment of theRead MoreComparing The Economic Profiles Of Brazil And France1677 Words   |  7 Pages EC4001/AP4001 Macroeconomic Report: Comparing the Economic Profiles of Brazil and France Daniel Williams K1355702 Table of Contents Page 1 Summary Page 2 Introduction Page 3 Macroeconomic Comparisons: GDP Page 4 Macroeconomic Comparisons: Activities in Trade Page 5 Macroeconomic Comparisons: Living Standards Page 6 Macroeconomic Comparisons: Labour Productivity Page 7 Conclusion Page 8 References Summary France and Brazil have shown to have different economiesRead MoreForeign Investment And Removal Of Trade Barrier Essay1447 Words   |  6 Pages Trade plays a key role in stimulating economies. It promotes sustainable economic growth and development. However, for this to happen there needs to be openness. This paper is going to discuss how increasing the level of openness of developing nations can lead to increased economic growth. The paper will also review some of the dynamic gains that can be made from trade before concluding with a discussion of the roles of global trade organizations in promoting economic development. These

Acct 542 Audit Proposal Free Essays

Audit Proposal Audit Proposal Kudler Fine Foods has many different types of audit to consider that could be used for each functional areas of AP, AR, inventory management and payroll. This brief has the purpose to distinguish among the types of audits that could be used for each process; to recommend the audit most appropriate for each process; to explain how the audits will be conducted; and to identify events that could prevent reliance on auditing through the computer. Types of Audit Due to increasing economic and financial growth, many types of audit have been incorporated throughout the development process of internal activities. We will write a custom essay sample on Acct 542 Audit Proposal or any similar topic only for you Order Now Audits can be performed manually or they can incorporate technology. According to Hunton and Bagranoff (2004), there are four main types of audit: 1) Attestation; 2) Findings and Recommendations; 3) SAS 70; and 4) SAS 94. Each type brings something unique to the table and can be used in different situations. Attestation. The Attestation audit present reports on examinations reviews or agreed-upon procedures. The auditor provides assurance on something for which the client is responsible. Findings and Recommendations. Findings and Recommendations is an audit that summarizes the audit work for each of the systems, which does not include an opinion. It could be considered â€Å"consulting† services. SAS 70 Audit. The SAS 70 is an auditing standard created by the AICPA and has two report types – Type I, which the auditor reports an opinion about the operating controls and Type II, that meets the objectives of the Type I additionally includes a detailed test of the effectiveness of the controls. SAS 94 Audit. SAS 94 audit deals with electronic records and have the purpose to guide and extend the auditor responsibilities in reference to internal controls knowledge as a part of a regular financial audit. Appropriate Audit Recommendations and Steps for each Process Accounts Payable. The appropriate IT audit for accounts payable (A/P) is the SAS 94 Audit. The steps that are taken for the SAS 94 Audit and ones that Kudler will use is the application software review. The steps are to do a limit, range, validity and completeness check. Accounts Receivable. The appropriate IT audit for accounts receivable (A/R) is also the SAS 94 Audit. This is for the same reasons. Kudler will check different areas to see how to handle different errors as they arise and to be sure that the system is checking for the errors within a timely manner by using software review. Inventory. The appropriate IT audit for inventory is also SAS 94 audit. SAS 94 audit uses administration review to determine how accurate the inventory is and how accurate the transactions for inventory are. The steps that are taken for this is to identify any areas that may have fraudulent information. According to COSO (2010), Inventory is the most misstated asset in an IT audit, pg 18. Para 14. Payroll. The appropriate IT audit for payroll is also SAS 94 audit. SAS 94 audit software review uses the steps to test payroll in the same ways that it will test A/R and A/P. Kudler will have the ability to test payroll, A/R, and A/P in the same audit test and possibly at the same time. Events that could Prevent Reliance on Auditing through the Computer Since we have discussed what types of audits we recommended for each accounting process. We would now like to focus on certain events that can assist Kudler’s Fine Foods on the events that could prevent the reliance on auditing through a computer. The events that must happen involve testing the data, validate computer programs, review the system software, validate user accounts and access privileges, and embed modules to achieve continuous auditing. Testing the data. The first event that has to happen is gathering data that can be tested and see how the data is processed . In more complex systems the data have to be put through an integrated test facility in order to audit the operational settings. Data sometimes will go through a parallel simulation which is time consuming but will audit the processes to see if they are functioning according to company policies. Validate Computer Programs. The Next event deals with using audit techniques to validate new computer programs that upgrade or enhance the software by installing the internal controls to protect against unauthorized changes and it will also help develop better company software. This event also compare the new or enhanced program with the old software to see what processes or improved or useless. Review of System Software. The third event actually reviews the systems software controls of the operating system and its utility programs that perform the housekeeping. It also reviews the program library controls, monitors storage programs, and accesses control software. The event is do in order make sure all the controls are in place and functioning and to ensure all controls we approved the documentation or by using the software tools. Validate User Accounts and Access Privileges. The fourth event that is validating user accounts and access privileges that will ensure who has access to what data and what account have to be set up to ensure security and accuracy. The auditor needs to verify that the software parameters are there but make sure that the IT staff is using them correctly in or for this event to happen. Continuous Auditing. The last event is continuous auditing in which all the data will be audited as it is processed to ensure real time assurance and to provide faster financial reporting that is accurate. This process is done by embedded audit modules which capture the audit data, exception reporting that reject data that fall outside the predetermined specifications, transaction logging tag certain transaction so they can be reviewed to see f the controls in place are working, snapshot techniques examine the way special transactions are processed, and continuous simulation is involved in collecting data and comparing it to data in a database management system to look for discrepancies. These tools are designed to audit controls and procedures when no auditor is present. Conclusion In conclusion we feel that this audit proposal wi ll effectively help the Kudler’s Fine Foods organization determine what type of audit to use for each accounting process. The recommendations will help this organization achieve the structural controls needed in order to function in the modern world. We will be pleased the help this organization in achieve continuous auditing which will help with getting away from auditing through a computer. By going through the various processes of auditing Kudler’s Fine Foods will have success and continues to gain market share in its industry. References Bagranoff, N. A. , Simkin, M. G. , Strand Norman (2008). Core Concepts of Accounting Information Systems (10th ed. ). New York: NY: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Galvenston (2012). How to Create Flowcharts for an Accounting Information System, eHow, Demand Media, Inc. , retrieved online July 8, 2012 from http://www. how. com/how_6827920_create-flowcharts-accounting-information-system. html. Grocery Store POS Software Solutions. (2010). Retrieved online July 8, 2012 from http://comcash. com/grocery. php Hunton, J. A. , Bryant, S. M. , Bagranoff, N. A. (2004). Core Concepts of Information Technology Auditing. New York, New York: Wiley Sons. O’Brien, J. A. , Marakas, G. M. (2008). Man agement Information Systems (8th ed. ). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill. COSO. (2010). Fraudulent Financial Reporting  . Retrieved from http://www. coso. org/documents/COSOFRAUDSTUDY2010_001. pdf How to cite Acct 542 Audit Proposal, Essay examples

The Automotive Industry in Emerging Markets

Introduction Automotive industry is rapidly growing due to increasing demand for new car models. Such a situation on the market has brought dramatic shift within the industry with the major multinationals, strategizing their businesses for the purposes of enhancing the market share and their global presence. Concurrently, there exists emerging markets for multinationals within developing countries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Automotive Industry in Emerging Markets specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is clear evidence that manufacturers nowadays try to improve sales rate of their automobiles, augmenting revenues, hence realizing their remarkable profitability (Norcliffe 2006, p. 56). Demand for automobiles has reached a high record within the international markets despite increased competition. This calls for enhancement of production processes through the use of cost effective concepts within supply c hain capable of meeting changing market demands. In the year 2009, automotive industries within the United States encountered one of the most detrimental crises in history. Statistics shows that varying changes on automotive sales have always occurred in the industry at different periods. Multinationals dominating the industry, such as General motors (GM), Ford, and Chrysler (the Detroit), had been gradually experiencing drastic drop in sales and market share until it became evident in late 2008 (Bennett, 2005). How might the governments in the developing and developed economies seek to impact the automotive industry? The effect of 2008/2009 recession was felt globally due to globalized financial sector as well as strong international linkages (Van Biesebroeck Sturgeon 2010). The effects were severe on global value chains leading to reduced demands for automobiles in the United States as well as in Europe. This directly affected developing economies based on various linkages throug h production steps. The crisis forced Western governments to seek for solution within the financial sector (Van Biesebroeck Sturgeon 2010). There were cases of propping up firms from manufacturing sector for the purposes of avoiding large-scale bankruptcies (Van Biesebroeck, Sturgeon 2010). The program included many automotive firms, which were to be protected from sinking through cash infusions, subsidies as well as cheap credit. Foreign direct investments within developing countries were first exported back to developed countries (Van Biesebroeck Sturgeon 2010). However, the situation changed when local markets were also considered. In case such kind of global value chain is taken into consideration, innovation and design functions usually remain within industrial countries and developing world used for production purposes. Within such scenarios, firms from developing nations can utilize the opportunity for purposes of upgrading their capabilities, while at the same time creati ng employment opportunities within automotive industry.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Political pressure within automotive industry pushed dealers to establish production close to the end markets. The fact that manufacturers are few, hence processes are globalized, contributes to the development and enhancement of just-in-time production as well as design processes. Due to the closeness between some developing and developed countries as well as well-arranged strong relationships between them, there can be supply of parts on a just-in-time basis, especially within regional trading blocs (Van Biesebroeck Sturgeon 2010). How might international bodies, such as the WTO, directly or indirectly seek to impact the automotive industry? International bodies assist through provision of legislative trade laws and policies capable of regulating market forces and trends. Concept of fr ee trade plays a major role in developing world trade policies as well as it is considered a part of globalization since it ensures fairness in international trade based on considerable principles of agreements. The concept entails removal of most trade barriers within international market for the benefit of global and domestic consumers. There is provision on Fair pricing meant for equal distribution and provision of goods and services, hence enabling consumers to gain access to sensitive and vital goods. Free trade agreements are usually signed after long negotiation processes between countries. Such negotiations lead to the opening of markets which could not be previously accessed by companies from certain countries. Trade agreements and policies bring the possibility of operating within the global markets. This goal is achieved because free trade agreements have the capacity of directly influencing company’s export costs, which eventually determine prices charged within t hese foreign markets (Carbaugh, 2004). Policies on Fair trade entail trading goods and services with aim of creating equity and partnership within automotive global market system. Besides designers and producers running business for money, the commitment part of the whole process is not ignored, hence committed to operate under long-term contracts for the future benefit of businesses and entire society. Those involved in Fair trade dealings are characterized as small cooperatives of workers using environmentally friendly methods for the purposes of sustainability. Standards and conditions within fair trade entail various human aspects within society; hence any form of forced labour is not practiced. In such circumstances, producers are expected to sign up and be accountable for the quality and nature of models supplied to the market.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Automotive Industry in Emerging Markets specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/p age Learn More Basically, fair trade operates on principles of agreement where there is guarantee of minimum price for traded commodities. This is done for the purposes of paying workers in developing countries more than their expected earnings are. International trade is capable of developing country’s economy and normally restricted to the exchange of goods and services. There are a number of drivers believed to be behind the increasing improvement in international trade and marketing. Increase in customer base and market share presents one of the main potential drivers and helps in eliminating over-reliance on single market. Reduced cost is also considered a key driver of increased international marketing, this makes organizations access cheap resources and labor within developing nations. Reduced costs enable marketers to dispose their products at lower prices, encouraging those with disposable income from various markets to buy more goods and services. Imp rovement in communications technology is also another driver of international trade. Technological changes, such as use of internet and mobile phones, have opened up new international sectors and allowed easy coordination of international marketing campaigns from domestic base (Carbaugh, 2004). International marketing provides increased customer base to organizations, allowing them to raise the sales of their products and services. This assists in increasing organization’s profitability levels and at the same time contributes to enhancement of living standards and rates of employment within developing countries. Wide customer base provides options to marketers, hence reducing the risks associated with focusing on one market. Companies with globally recognized brand have limitless opportunities within the foreign markets; they have the ability to capture customer loyalty since consumers are normally attached to brands they can trust and clearly recognize. Development of custom er networks within foreign supply chains enables easy negotiation for better deals (Carbaugh, 2004). Evaluate the strategic options open to large motor manufacturers regarding their international operations Limited options exist for policy makers within automotive industry. There is much political opposition to large-scale manufacturers of vehicles, and at the same time, there exists high minimum efficient scale within production lines. Due to these aspects, the size of the local markets determines the rate of growth as well as potentiality of the industry. Players in the automotive industry enjoy growing possibility of leveraging the newly opened global supply base which encourages both the local and the international competition (Van Biesebroeck Sturgeon 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Yanfeng has the capability of developing and marketing its line of branded vehicles within the shortest time possible by involving its expertise in dealing with the first-tier suppliers within China’s as well as western market. Winning new contracts with multinational assemblers would require such companies as Yanfeng to construct manufacturing firms near the main design centers (Sturgeon Van Biesebroeck, 2009). There is a notable shift of motor vehicle markets from the developed to developing world, in terms of enhancing production and design processes (Van Biesebroeck Sturgeon 2010). Automotive industry in Shaghai is identified with probably few design centers, currently filled by Chinese firms. Companies require change inmarketing strategies in case of economic crisis. This usually targets all the elements of the marketing mix which include product, price, place and promotion. Companies, such as Yanfeng should focus on concentrating resources in markets where their prese nce is so much felt. International market provides the best alternative environments for the firms experiencing domestic recession. In such cases, automotive companies are obliged to call back all weak designs from both the domestic and the international markets, hence concentrating on reinforcing appealing qualities, such as durability and functionality. Focus should be shifted towards promotion element of the marketing mix which incorporates such factors as promotional and advertising budgets, use of media services, public relations and after-sales service. It is also important to focus on product strategy whereby technological innovations on new product, range of design, quality of automobiles and marketing expenditures are considered general marketing strategies (Calof, 1994). Profitability of automotive companies within international market is not directly linked to marketing strategy used within areas of concentration. Diversification of automotive businesses shows no direct r elationship with other performance-based variables within the market. However, strong relationship exists between entering foreign markets, average performance, sales and market share. Implementing firm’s strength on foreign markets results in increased sales and market share but has less effect on the level of net profit. The only activity with the ability to improve net profit is to increase the level of marketing expenditure (Cameron and Green, 2009). What are some of the positive and negative implications of the strategies and policies you have identified? Market for motor vehicles as well as its production and design process is currently shifting to the developing world because automotive companies have realised perpetual increase in demand for cost effective vehicles based on fuel consumption, performance, and also environmental sensitivity. However, some special marketing strategies should be adopted, established and ratified by automotive multinationals for the purpos es of capturing as well as retaining potential clients within emerging markets. Such strategies incorporate production of cost effective vehicles as well as making intensive promotions capable of extensively satisfying consumer needs. Automotive industry is considered one of the most competitive industries targeting high-end consumers. International trade policies referred to the creation of free trade between regions have encouraged emergence of new manufactures, distributors, and rich product portfolio. Such policies on exchange rates are crucial in the process of developing appropriate business models within defined market environments. This ensures that firms remain competitive and relevant. However, most of the multinationals like General Motors, Nissan, Peugeot, Toyota, Mitsubishi, and others formulate appropriate business strategies for the purposes of enhancing competitiveness, market visibility, and customer services (Appiah-Adu 1998, p. 118). Trade policies further enable exchange of goods and services within the international market. The process ensures efficiency in marketing of goods and services beyond organizational and domestic boundaries. Despite all these, automotive companies should learn considerable avenues which can enable full utilization of opportunities within foreign markets, and this ensures increase in the level of global competitiveness (World Investment Report, 2006). Policies within International market are usually totally different from those within domestic markets. Such environments can be differentiated based on market sizes, buyer behavior as well as marketing practices. International marketer grants careful evaluation of the market trends based on the nature of market segments within areas of target. Business operations within international markets always have either positive or negative effects on company’s operations and management. This requires development of crucial decisions made by firms. Operational tactics w ithin international market environment depends on several factors, such as deliberate policy decision, reaction to specific business opportunities, economic trends, political stability as well as competitive reasons, among others (Evenett et al., 2009). Investors within automotive industry are currently not excited about pricing techniques used, despite the growth experienced in the industry. This could be attributed to the availability of variety of financial products within the market, such as ETFs. Automotive products’ value has continued to soar despite price increase and increase in the number of players. Investors opt to use alternative financial products to make purchases. Since various companies have faced credit crisis over the years, the workers are now demanding for higher wages and better working conditions. Reference List Appiah-Adu, K 1998, ‘Marketing in emerging countries: Evidence from a liberalized economy’, Journal of Marketing Practice, vol. 4 no. 4, pp. 118-129. Bennett, R 2005, â€Å"Marketing policies of companies in a cyclical sector: an empirical study of the construction industry in the United Kingdom†, Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 118-26. Calof, JL 1994, ‘The relationship between firm size and export behavior revisited’, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 25, no. 2, pp.367–387. Cameron, E Green, M 2009, Making Sense of Change Management: A Complete Guide to the Models, Tools Techniques of Organizational Change, Kogan Page, London, UK. Evenett, J, Hoekman, B Cattaneo, O 2009, Effective Crisis Response and Openness: Implications for the Trading System, Centre for Economic Policy Research, London. Web. Norcliffe, M 2006, The automotive industry in emerging markets China’s automotive industry, GMB, London, UK. Sturgeon, T Van Biesebroeck, J 2009, â€Å"Crisis and protection in the automotive industry: a global value chain perspectiveà ¢â‚¬ , Policy Research Working Paper 5060, pp. 1-26. Van Biesebroeck, J Sturgeon, TJ 2010, â€Å"The automotive industry in developing countriesâ€Å", VoxEU. Web. World Investment Report (WIR) 2006, FDI from Developing and Transition Economies: Implications for Development, United Nations Publication, New York, NY. Web. 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